This research project will attempt to develop a new theoretical paradigm for the understanding of the relations between constitutions and identity, through a comparative study of several processes of constitution-making in the context of internal struggle over the identity of the state.The proposed interdisciplinary project aims to contribute to the field of constitution-making in two ways: first, it aims at advancing the comparative research of constitution-making through a study of empirical cases both historical and contemporary 'of constitutional drafting which occurred in societies' struggling over their shared national identity.Second, by drawing on the comparative study, as well as on insight from the fields of comparative politics, comparative constitutionalism, sociology, history, and legal and political philosophy, it aims to propose a new grounded theoretical paradigm for the understanding of the relationship between constitutions and identity, where internal disagreements exist over shared values and common principles of the state.It will then examine the applicability of the theoretical framework to the making of the European constitution. Supporting this proposal advances the purposes of the specific programme in assisting the researcher to reintegrate in the European research arena, as a faculty member and researcher in a leading research and training institute.By allowing me to publish articles and a book, organize international conferences, and deepen my theoretical as well as comparative study on constitution-making in deeply divided societies, this project will help me establish myself as a leading scholar in the field, not only in Israel but also on the international level.Moreover, as a female researcher, I will be able to inspire other women to take leading roles in the academic and practical arena, through my teaching and mentoring work at the Mandel Leadership Institute.