"The past two decades have seen an unprecedented trend towards the ‘institutionalization’ and ‘judicialization’ of international criminal justice, principally through the operation of formalized international and hybrid courts and tribunals. Each of these judicial mechanisms requires the allocation of very significant resources from countries throughout Europe and beyond. Yet, experience has shown that the current structure of this system of international criminal justice contains inherent problems and gives rise to considerable tensions. These threaten the credibility of the system and increasingly restrict its capacity both to effectively implement international criminal justice, and to satisfy the expectations placed upon it by the broader international community. This Research Project will seek to examine the most significant tensions that have arisen during the evolution of this system, and has the following principal objectives:a) To identify and examine the main ‘goals’ of the mechanisms of contemporary international criminal justice;b) To assess the major tensions that have emerged through the ‘judicialization’ process associated with these mechanisms, and in the implementation of contemporary international criminal justice;c) To determine appropriate measures of, and benchmarks for the legal ‘effectiveness’ of these mechanisms;d) Taking into account the conclusions reached from the above three objectives, to articulate possible future initiatives with regard to more effectively implementing international criminal justice."