The Holocaust, i.e. the destruction of almost six millions of European Jews between 1933 and 1945, after having faded into oblivion in the late 1940s and 50s, has been a matter of developing national memories in Western Europe, Israel and the USA since the 1960s and a part of cosmopolitan and European memory since the 1990s. In Eastern Europe (EE), where the Holocaust had largely happened, its memory hardly developed until the end of the communist rule in 1989-91. The general objective of this project is to assess to what extent, how and why the cosmopolitan and (West) European memory of the Holocaust has contributed to the development of the Holocaust memory in EE since 1989. The research concerns primarily the former communist-ruled countries that joined the European Union in 2004 and 2004, with references to other post-communist countries in the east of the continent (except for Russia). The project aims (1) to assess how much national and cosmopolitan/[West] European Holocaust memory there is in the EE countries; (2) to analyse the Europeanisation of the Holocaust memories in the EE countries through European organisations: the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust, the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance, and Research; the Council of Europe; the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe; and, particularly, the European Union; and (3) to discuss the causes of slower development of the Holocaust memory in EE. The research involves: (1) the analysis of the Holocaust organisations, memorials, remembrance, education, and public awareness in EE; (2) the analysis of the participation of the EE countries in the Holocaust remembrance within selected European organisations, including the analysis of the Holocaust-related debates in and documents of the European Parliament; (3) the study of the politics of memory of selected EE countries in regard to the Holocaust, with reference to its history.