Background Predation by the black rat (Rattus rattus) is threatening the world’s largest population of Mediterranean Shearwaters (Puffinus yelkouan) – 9 991 to 13 424 pairs out of a global population of 15 337 to 30 519 pairs. On Tavolara, Shearwaters can only successfully reproduce at a reduced number of nests, located in caves in rat-free high cliffs. The same threats also affect other bird species. The presence of alien plant species (in particular Carpobrotus edulis and C. acinaciformis) on the island also threatens the conservation of habitats and species, as does the presence of a colony of wild goats. Tackling these biological threats is made more difficult by a lack of awareness among the local population of the importance of the threatened species, and of the risks associated with the introduction of alien species. Objectives The project's objectives are: Eradication of R. rattus and house mice (Mus musculus) from Tavolara and three smaller islets using rodenticide baits, which will be distributed from the air, except along the coast and in the few inhabited areas of Tavolara. The adopted method will not pose risks of environmental pollution; Preparatory scientific actions (monitoring of rodents, non-target species at risk, P. yelkouan and other target species) and communication with the local community (meetings, educational activities, volunteer involvement), as well as to a wider audience (website, webcam in P. yelkouan nests, publication in journals); Preliminary investigations will be carried out to assemble data, which can be provided to the competent authorities and used to inform the public. Careful monitoring will assess in detail the benefits of the project, and weigh them against any adverse effects. The eradication project will also be submitted to peer review; During the eradication phase, biosecurity measures, to reduce the risk of subsequent re-invasion, will be implemented; Eradication of Carpobrotus from Tavolara by manual uprooting. At present, the plant is not widespread, but it has huge potential for expansion. In order to involve the local community directly in the project, volunteers will be recruited. The project will also assess the risk of invasion by other alien plants, and will carry out eradication work if necessary; Control of wild goats on Tavolara by capture and free conveyance to breeders, and the drafting of action plans for post-project management of the goat population. Expected results: Eradication of rodents from Tavolara and three smaller islets; Young Puffinus yelkouan fledged will increase by 5 000-8 000 each year; Restoration of suitable conditions for storm petrels (Hydrobates pelagicus melitensis), which are now nesting only in caves inaccessible to rats; Eradication of Carpobrotus from Tavolara; Establishment of bio-security measures that will be maintained after the end of the project and will reduce the risk of re-invasion to within acceptable limits; Reduction by at least 40% of the wild goat population on Tavolara, reducing their impact on flora and habitats; Greater awareness among the local population of the value of P. yelkouan, the impact of alien species and the need for adoption of best practices, with a consequent reduction in new introductions of alien species.