This project focuses on the urban ecosystem and in particular on indoor living and visiting spaces (private, workplace, business, government, entertainment etc) in relation to exposure to ionizing radiation from natural radionuclides of building/construction materials and the resulting radiological burden. Expected Results: The expected results of the project are: 1. Improvement in the quality of the materials used in building construction and/or refurbishing in the trans-boundary regions. Building constructors will be able to base their purchasing decisions for raw materials on the findings of this study and avoid those that are found to have increased levels of radioactivity and chemicals emissions. 2. Improved networking and access to innovative tools for population exposure and risk estimation using grid computing and web-based applications.