Background Each year the EU generates 200 million tonnes of municipal waste composed of biodegradable waste, packaging and mixed waste. The majority of municipal waste is disposed of in landfill sites, which is still the cheapest available option, despite the introduction of landfill taxes in some European countries. However, legal landfill sites are beginning to fill up and the environmental threats concerning waste are seriously endangering human health and our quality-of-life. Therefore, awareness of the need to prevent and minimise waste is increasing, as is recycling of waste in countries with advanced waste management systems. The Organic Wet Fraction (OWF) is a highly problematic residual fraction of waste. Its calorific value is low, as a consequence of the low dry solid content of the organic components. Furthermore, the organic character of OWF is mixed with other non-organic components such as inert materials, plastics and ferrous and non-ferrous materials. As a consequence, OWF has to be deposited in landfills. Objectives The main objective of the project is to demonstrate the biological treatment of biodegradable residual municipal waste. The beneficiary will process an Organic Wet Fraction into organic BioFuel with a calorific value of 10 MJ/kg, by using the method of biological drying and upgrading. A further objective is to demonstrate the combustion of BioFuel as a complementary fuel at the coal run power plant of project partner EEP, in Geertruidenberg. Together, EMW and EEP will conduct detailed studies on the combustion and chemical properties of OWF/BioFuel, its logistical handling and the working conditions regarding its processing and combustion. Based on these studies, pilot installations for the production and combustion of BioFuel will be constructed. In addition, the technical and environmental effects and results of the process will be analysed over a one year period. Finally, the results of the pilot production and its monitoring and evaluation will be widely disseminated to various stakeholders. Results The project succeeded in producing the BioFuel with an average calorific value of 9.5 MJ/Kg. The BioFuel is certified as a clean biomass fuel (according to Dutch standards). - The first conclusion is that biomass can be produced from municipal solid waste and used as BioFuel in power plants. - The BioFuel contains relatively high amounts of salts (chloride) that limits its use in coal fired power plants. - The physical properties of the lights (fluffy) BioFuel needs adjustments to the transport system of the power plants. - Lignite-fired power plants seem more suitable to the use of BioFuel. - BioFuel co-firing in a coal-fired or lignite fired power plant contributes to the reduction of CO2 emissions and is financially feasible. - Savings of ± 10 €/ton OWF seem possible. (Each citizen produces ± 100 Kg OWF/year.) Therefore it is estimated that the production of BioFuel could save €1/ citizen per annum.