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Background Protection of water resources is a cornerstone of environmental protection in Europe. Clean water demands careful management to protect ecosystems, society and industry. However, water scarcity affects at least 11% of Europe’s population and 17% of EU territory. Poor or unsuitable water quality reduces its availability by restricting its poss ...

Background Brine discharge from Europe’s water desalination plants represents a potential hazard for marine ecosystems. Brines are commonly disposed of using inland desalination plants, deep well injection, or by discharge into surface or ground water. However, the impact of these options can be greater than discharging the brine directly into the sea a ...