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"Smart structures, which incorporate structural health monitoring (SHM) systems into mechanical components to enable online damage detection, have a strong potential to reduce inspection and maintenance cost of aircraft structures, while simultaneously maintaining or increasing the level of safety. At present, these technologies are still in the R&D phase and significant efforts are required befor ...

Axles for railway trains are carefully engineered and high value items that are designed to last 20 years or more. There is however a current trend for axles to be withdrawn from service before this because of corrosion on the surface long before their design lives. The decision to withdraw from service is taken without the full knowledge of the way in which the failure will result from corrosion, ...