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Background In 1995, European citizens generated on average 474 kg of municipal waste. This amount rose to 542 kg per person in 2010, and a further increase to 680 kg per person is expected by 2020. The current trend corresponds to an increase of almost 15% in less than 20 years. In spite of efforts made during the past few years to improve waste managemen ...

Background Greenhouse gases (GHG), such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), may be emitted at all life-cycle stages of a product, from extraction of raw material through to final disposal of materials. By relating the life cycle of materials to the waste hierarchy, an assessment of how each stage impacts on climate change can be made. The treatment ...