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Background The western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) is the largest species of grouse in the world and in Scotland, the species is facing extinction for a second time. It first disappeared in 1785 but was re-introduced from Sweden in 1837 as a game bird. By the 1970s the populations numbered around 20,000 birds. Since then, however, its decline has bee ...

Background Scotland hosts a range of UK woodland types including several that are protected by the EU Habitats Directive. A number of these are under threat from problems associated with invasive species, over-grazing and land ownership issues. Such nature conservation concerns can fragment habitat integrity and adversely affect the functionality of woodl ...