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Background Freshwater habitats are among the most threatened habitat types globally. In the 2007-2012 conservation status assessment of the EU Habitats Directive (Article 17), none of the freshwater, coastal, and groundwater dependent wetland habitats in Europe fully met favourable conservation status, and most are in unfavourable conservation status. Alm ...

Background Once widespread in Finland, the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis) is now found only in the Saimaa fragmented freshwater lake complex. With a small population of about 310 seals, it is probably the world’s most endangered seal species and is categorized by the IUCN as Critically Endangered. In Annex II of the Habitats Directive, it ...