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The transition to a biobased economy puts strong challenges on researchers and industry to develop sustainable processes. 2G biofuel plants use waste streams as substrates, but themselves generate a new waste stream of lignin-rich sludge that is left after saccharification of the carbohydrates. This waste stream is expected to exponentially increase with an increasing number of 2G bioethanol plant ...

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) has unique potential for reducing energy and cost penalty for CO2 capture, as it avoids the costly gas separation of other CO2 capture technologies. Early deployment is seen in natural gas steam generation, where gas-to-steam efficiency penalty with CLC is below 1%-point compared to 15%-points with amine scrubbing and 8%-points with oxyfuel combustion, all for 95% ...