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Over 40 European Projects Found

Searched on 125080 European Projects

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Functional diversity of single neurons in anatomically complex cortical networks (NEUROHUBS)

Start date: Oct 1, 2014, End date: Sep 30, 2019,

A fundamental quest in Neuroscience research is to reveal the function(s) of single neurons and networks. Understanding function seems to be on relatively solid grounds at the periphery where both anatomy and physiology converge in a simplified manner. However, as one ascends higher into the central nervous system, anatomy and physiology become increasingly more complex and functions become diffic ...
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Experience, Judgement, and Representation of World War II in an Age of Globalization (JUDGINGHISTORIES)

Start date: Jun 1, 2014, End date: May 31, 2019,

“JudgingHistories” sets out to examine the epistemic premises innate to universalizing historical experience, by scrutinizing the quest for historical understanding and moral judgment against the backdrop of an emerging global cultural environment, fraught with multiple recollections, while using memories of World War II as the empirical core of the study. The pivotal constellation of research eme ...
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Understanding immune evasion by malaria parasites (MALMASQ)

Start date: Jun 1, 2014, End date: May 31, 2019,

"The deadliest form of human malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, which annually infects millions worldwide. Its virulence is attributed to its ability to evade the human immune system, by modifying the host red blood cell surface to adhere to the vascular endothelium and to undergo antigenic variation. Antigenic variation is achieved through switches in expression o ...
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Apartheid -- The Global Itinerary: South African Cultural Formations in Transnational Circulation, 1948-1990 (APARTHEID-STOPS)

Start date: May 1, 2014, End date: Apr 30, 2019,

This proposal proceeds from an anomaly. Apartheid routinely breached the separation that it names. Whereas the South African regime was deeply isolationist in international terms, new research links it to the Cold War and decolonization. Yet this trend does not consider sufficiently that the global contest over the meaning of apartheid and resistance to it occurs on the terrain of culture. My proj ...
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New Concepts in Bacterial Response to their Surroundings (BACTERIAL RESPONSE)

Start date: Apr 1, 2014, End date: Mar 31, 2019,

Bacteria in nature exhibit remarkable capacity to sense their surroundings and rapidly adapt to diverse conditions by gaining new beneficial traits. This extraordinary feature facilitates their survival when facing extreme environments. Utilizing Bacillus subtilis as our primary model organism, we propose to study two facets of this vital bacterial attribute: communication via extracellular nanotu ...
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Model theory and its applications: dependent classes (DEPENDENTCLASSES)

Start date: Mar 1, 2014, End date: Feb 28, 2019,

Model theory deals with general classes of structures (called models).Specific examples of such classes are: the class of rings or the class ofalgebraically closed fields.It turns out that counting the so-called complete types over models in theclass has an important role in the development of model theory in general andstability theory in particular.Stable classes are those with relatively few co ...
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International Integration and Social Identity: Theory and Evidence (INTEGRATION)

Start date: Mar 1, 2014, End date: Feb 28, 2019,

Understanding economic and political integration has long been a central concern for economists. An important missing ingredient in the existing literature is the analysis of endogenously determined social identity. By “social identity” I refer to the fact that individuals often care deeply about the groups to which they belong. By “endogenously determined” I refer to the fact that individuals do ...
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Understanding Auditory Information Processing in Naturalistic Environments (RATLAND)

Start date: Feb 1, 2014, End date: Jan 31, 2019,

Studies of sensory processing in awake mammals are often limited to simple perceptual decisions, such as detecting the differences between two similar stimuli. However, such sensory tasks are usually limited by peripheral information, and do not tap into the special processing capabilities of the cortex. I hypothesize that neuronal responses in auditory cortex represent ethologically-relevant quan ...
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Physiological Reaction to Predation- A General Way to Link Individuals to Ecosystems (ECOSTRESS)

Start date: Feb 1, 2014, End date: Jan 31, 2019,

This proposal aims to advance a new general theory that links plasticity in prey responses to predation and biogeochemical processes to explain context-dependent variations in ecosystem functioning. The physiological reaction of prey to predation involves allocating resources from production to support emergency functions. An example of such a reaction is an increase in maintenance respiration con ...
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Design Principles in Encoding Complex Noisy Environments (ENCODE)

Start date: Feb 1, 2014, End date: Jan 31, 2019,

Animals constantly face complex environments consisted of multiple fluctuating cues. Accurate detection and efficient integration of such perplexing information are essential as animals’ fitness and consequently survival depend on making the right behavioral decisions. However, little is known about how multifaceted stimuli are integrated by neural systems, and how this information flows in the ne ...
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Secretion of inflammatory mediators from eosinophils and their tissue residing cell-free granules: mechanisms and implications in inflammation (eosinophil secretion)

Start date: Jan 1, 2015, End date: Dec 31, 2018,

Eosinophils, both as end-stage effector cells and as Th2-immunomodulators, have the capacity to secrete varied inflammatory mediators, such as, cytokines and enzymes that are stored in their cytoplasmic secretory granules. Among them are the cationic proteins: major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and the eosinophil RNases. In the last decade several studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have ...
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Systematic Approach to Dissect the Interplay between Chromatin and Transcription (CHROMATINSYS)

Start date: Jan 1, 2014, End date: Dec 31, 2018,

Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in regulating and maintaining the functionality of cells and have been implicated in a wide range of human diseases. Histone proteins that form the protein core of nucleosomes are subject to a bewildering array of covalent and structural modifications, which can repress, permit, or promote transcription. These modifications can be added and removed by s ...
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Protease Activated X-Ray Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques and Cancer Development using Spectral CT (CT-PROBES)

Start date: Dec 1, 2013, End date: Nov 30, 2018,

The major causes of death in the Western world are cardiovascular diseases and cancer. More accurate detection of these diseases will improve clinical outcomes. Thus, we will develop unique X-ray contrast reagents for use in spectral computerized tomography (CT) that bind active proteases to reveal the exact location and stage of cancer and atherosclerosis.Activity-based probes (ABPs) are small mo ...
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Closing the Loop between Understanding and Effective Treatment of the Basal Ganglia and their Disorders (CLUE-BGD)

Start date: Dec 1, 2013, End date: Nov 30, 2018,

In this project, the basal ganglia are defined as actor-critic reinforcement learning networks that aim at an optimal tradeoff between the maximization of future cumulative rewards and the minimization of the cost (the reinforcement driven multi objective optimization RDMOO model).This computational model will be tested by multiple neuron recordings in the major basal ganglia structures of monkeys ...
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Harnessing the Dark Side of Protein Folding: Manipulating Aggregation for Recombinant Protein Production (DARKSIDE)

Start date: Nov 1, 2013, End date: Oct 31, 2018,

Nearly all desirable biological activities, whether for the purposes of nutrition, pharmacology, biofuel production, or waste disposal, can be carried out by proteins. Nature has furnished a vast array of bioactive and biocatalytic tools, and with the advent of rational protein design nearly any imaginable bioactivity is at our fingertips. There is, therefore, a pressing need for cost-effective, s ...
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Three ideas in open Gromov-Witten theory (OPENGWTRIANGLE)

Start date: Oct 1, 2013, End date: Sep 30, 2018,

The questions motivating symplectic geometry, from classical mechanics to enumerative algebraic geometry, have been studied for centuries. Many recent advances in the field have stemmed from the theory of J-holomorphic curves, and in particular Gromov-Witten theory. The past 25 years of research have produced a fairly detailed picture of what can be expected from classical, closed Gromov-Witten ...
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High-dimensional combinatorics (HI-DIM COMBINATORICS)

Start date: Oct 1, 2013, End date: Sep 30, 2018,

This research program originates from a pressing practical need and from a purely new geometric perspective of discrete mathematics..Graphs play a key role in many application areas of mathematics, providing the perfect mathematical description of all systems that are governed by pairwise interactions, in computer science, economics, biology and more. But graphs cannot fully capture scenarios in w ...
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‘Seeing’ with the ears, hands and bionic eyes: from theories about brain organization to visual rehabilitation (BRAINVISIONREHAB)

Start date: Sep 1, 2013, End date: Aug 31, 2018,

My lab's work ranges from basic science, querying brain plasticity and sensory integration, to technological developments, allowing the blind to be more independent and even “see” using sounds and touch similar to bats and dolphins (a.k.a. Sensory Substitution Devices, SSDs), and back to applying these devices in research. We propose that, with proper training, any brain area or network can change ...
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Fast Filtering for Computer Graphics, Vision and Computational Sciences (FAST FILTERING)

Start date: Aug 1, 2013, End date: Jul 31, 2018,

The world of digital signal processing, in particular computer graphics, vision and image processing, use linear and non-linear, explicit and implicit filtering extensively to analyze, process and synthesize images. Given nowadays high-resolution sensors, these operations are often very time consuming and are limited to devices with high-CPU power.Traditional linear translation-invariant (LTI) tra ...
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The role of visuospatial working memory in quantities representation and arithmetic: Neuroanatomical and behavioral evidence from typical and a-typical development (VisuoQuant)

Start date: Aug 1, 2014, End date: Jul 31, 2018,

Over the last two decades a link between visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and arithmetic skills was postulated. During the basic stage of acquiring arithmetical understanding, children use a mental model for arithmetic that requires VSWM. Furthermore, it was suggested that numbers are represented on a mental number line, which also involves VSWM. These representations are believed to be the fou ...
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Quantum walks in superconducting networks (QUANTUMWALKS)

Start date: Aug 1, 2013, End date: Jul 31, 2018,

"I propose to build a general purpose continuous quantum walk platform using superconducting devices (resonators, qubits and SQUIDS). This system will include up to 40 sites and will implement basic quantum simulation algorithms, generalized interferometry and explore the quantum-classical boundary for many-particle entangled systems.Quantum walks (QW) are a novel scheme for quantum information pr ...
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Happy or Sad? The Influence of Emotional Body Cues on Facial Expression Perception in Huntington’s Disease (EMO)

Start date: Jul 1, 2014, End date: Jun 30, 2018,

"Impaired emotion recognition is common in many neuro-psychiatric disorders, adding a devastating social toll to the already challenging symptoms. One such disorder is Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative progressive condition in which motor and cognitive symptoms are further complicated by impaired emotion recognition. Unfortunately, despite decades of research, the vast majority of wor ...
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Structure-Function Studies of the TRIM Family of Ubiquitin E3 Ligases (TRIM)

Start date: Jun 1, 2014, End date: May 31, 2018,

"Ubiquitin E3 enzymes participate in the last step of a three-enzyme cascade, where they transfer ubiquitin from E2 enzymes to substrates, therefore are responsible to bring the right substrate to the right E2 enzyme. The tripartite motif (TRIM) family of ubiquitin E3 ligases includes 70 members that are involved in cellular processes such as immune signaling, transcriptional regulation and apopto ...
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Plasticity of the Burst-Pause Response in the Tonically Active Cholinergic Interneurons of the Striatum in Normal and Parkinsonian Mice (BurstPausePlasticity)

Start date: Jun 1, 2014, End date: May 31, 2018,

Our ability to attend to novel stimuli requires an intact projection from the parafascicular (PF) nucleus of the thalamus to the cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) of the striatum. ChIs respond to novel stimuli with a burst-pause (B-P) in their tonic firing. The B-P response is a neural correlate of classical conditioning, and as such shows a large degree of plasticity in response to behavioral conti ...
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Long-Run Effects of Education Interventions: Evidence from Randomized Trials (EDUCATION-LONG-RUN)

Start date: May 1, 2013, End date: Apr 30, 2018,

The vast majority of published research on the impact of school interventions has examined their effects on short-run outcomes, primarily test scores. While important, a possibly deeper question of interest to society is the impact of such interventions on long-run life outcomes. This is a critical question because the ultimate goal of education is to improve lifetime well-being. Recent research h ...
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Avenues in Probabilistic and Geometric Combinatorics (PROGEOCOM)

Start date: May 1, 2013, End date: Apr 30, 2018,

We consider problems in geometric and probabilistic combinatorics and discuss some applications to and connections with other areas.One underlying theme of our proposal is discrete isoperimetric relations.On the probabilistic side we discuss applications of Fourier analysis of Boolean functions to the study of threshold behavior of random graphs and other stochastic models, and propose ten direct ...
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Multifunctional Polymeric Nanomicelles Combat Tumor Evasion in Antiangiogenic Cancer Therapy (Anti-angiogenic drug)

Start date: May 1, 2014, End date: Apr 30, 2018,

Angiogenesis a major contributor to tumor development and metastases. Formation of new blood vessels supports tumor proliferation and disease progression and is often associated with poor clinical prognosis. Recent advances targeting angiogenesis and inhibition of tumor neovascularization has led to the approval of several new antiangiogenic drugs for clinical use in many types of cancers. Yet de ...
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The vascular stem cell niche and the neurovascular unit (VASNICHE)

Start date: Mar 1, 2013, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

Recent evidence suggests that VEGF and the vasculature play multiple roles in organ homeostasis, functions extending far beyond their traditional roles in tissue perfusion. The proposed study represents a vascular-centred approach to the neurovascular unit thriving to gain further insights on the many ways by which blood vessels may affect proper brain functioning. Major focus is on the vascul ...
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CholinomiRs: MicroRNA Regulators of Cholinergic Signalling in the Neuro-Immune Interface (CHOLINOMIRS)

Start date: Mar 1, 2013, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

"Communication between the nervous and the immune system is pivotal for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring rapid and efficient reaction to stress and infection insults. The emergence of microRNAs (miRs) as regulators of gene expression and of acetylcholine (ACh) signalling as regulator of anxiety and inflammation provides a model for studying this interaction. My hypothesis is that 1) a specific ...
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Recognition of bacteria by NK cells (BACNK)

Start date: Mar 1, 2013, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

NK cells that are well known by their ability to recognize and eliminate virus infected and tumor cells were also implicated in the defence against bacteria. However, the recognition of bacteria by NK cells is only poorly understood. we do not know how bacteria are recognized and the functional consequences of such recognition are also weakly understood. In the current proposal we aimed at determi ...
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A Diaspora in Transition - Cultural and Religious Changes in Western Sephardic Communities in the Early Modern Period (DIASPORAINTRANSITION)

Start date: Mar 1, 2012, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

The communities of the Western Sephardic Diaspora were founded in the 16th and 17th centuries by New Christians from Iberia who returned to Judaism that had been abandoned by their ancestors in the late Middle Ages. This project will concentrate on the changes in the religious conceptions and behavior as well as the cultural patterns of the communities of Amsterdam, Hamburg, Leghorn, London, and B ...
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An interdisciplinary genome-wide study of posttranscriptional regulation by small RNAs: from individual interactions to networks and evolution (POSTTRANS)

Start date: Feb 1, 2013, End date: Jan 31, 2018,

Deciphering the interactions within and between the three major components of living organisms, DNA, RNA and Protein, is at the heart of biological research. New large-scale experimental methods have dramatically advanced genome-wide detection of protein-protein, protein-DNA, protein-RNA and protein-mediated RNA-RNA interactions. However, at present there is no large-scale method that could detec ...
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Molecular Analysis of Gene Regulatory Networks Underlying the Persistence of Drug Addiction (Cocaine Gene Network)

Start date: Feb 1, 2014, End date: Jan 31, 2018,

Drug addiction is a maladaptive form of experience-dependent plasticity that develops following chronic exposure to drugs of abuse. Drug experience induces plasticity of synaptic transmission within the neural circuitry of reward, which is thought to depend upon modulation of gene expression. Preliminary data I acquired demonstrates that chronic exposure to cocaine results in dramatic rewiring of ...
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Mobility, Empire and Cross-Cultural Contacts in Mongol Eurasia (MONGOL)

Start date: Jan 1, 2013, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

This project seeks to study the Mongol Empire in its full Eurasian context. It combines a world history perspective with close reading in a huge array of primary sources in various languages (mainly Persian, Arabic and Chinese) and different historiographical traditions, and classifies the acquired information into a sophisticated prosopographical database, which records the individuals acting und ...
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From correct to high-quality reactive systems (Quality)

Start date: Jan 1, 2012, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

Formal verification is the study of algorithms and tools for the development of correct hardware and software designs. Two fundamental problems in formal verification are temporal logic model checking -- given a mathematical model of the system and a temporal-logic formula that specifies the desired behavior of the system, decide whether the model satisfies the formula, and synthesis -- given a te ...
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Order in Disorder: Context-dependent strategies for integrating peptide-mediated interactions (ORDER IN DISORDER)

Start date: Dec 1, 2012, End date: Nov 30, 2017,

Peptide-mediated protein interactions are emerging as key regulators of many important regulatory processes in the cell. Short motifs, usually embedded into disordered regions of the protein, interact with specific sets of protein partners in a transient way and allow efficient and malleable propagation of signals towards their targets. While regular protein interactions have been intensively stud ...
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Quantum Hamiltonian Complexity (QHC)

Start date: Mar 1, 2012, End date: Nov 30, 2017,

Quantum computation suggests a revolution in technology and in cryptography, a completely new perspective on the foundations of theoretical computer science, and a different approach to the study of physical systems.One of the major new developments in quantum computation over the last few years has been the emergence of a new field called ``Quantum Hamiltonian complexity (QHC)'', which sits on th ...
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Quantum Spin Simulators Based on Defects in Diamond (NV QUANTUM SIMULATOR)

Start date: Nov 1, 2013, End date: Oct 31, 2017,

"Quantum interacting systems lie at the forefront of contemporary physics, posing challenges to our understanding of quantum phases, many-body dynamics, and a variety of condensed matter phenomena. Also, advances in quantum applications, including quantum computation and metrology, rely on interactions to create entanglement and to improve sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit. In particul ...
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Ultrafast EUV probe for Molecular Reaction Dynamics (ULTRAFASTEUVPROBE)

Start date: Nov 1, 2012, End date: Oct 31, 2017,

"This research is aimed at developing and validating a novel approach for time resolved imaging of structural dynamics, using single photon Coulomb explosion imaging (CEI) with ultrafast extreme UV (EUV) pulses to probe laser initiated ultrafast structural rearrangement and fragmentation dynamics. The emerging field of ultrafast EUV pulses attracts increasing amount of scientific attention, predom ...
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Walking the tightrope between life and death: Oxygen homeostasis regulation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (WTBLDOHRNCE)

Start date: Nov 1, 2011, End date: Oct 31, 2017,

Oxygen (O2) is vital for the life of all aerobic animals. However, fine-tuned regulation of O2 levels is crucial since both shortage (hypoxia) and excess (via the production of reactive oxygen species, ROS) may be harmful. Indeed, both hypoxia and ROS may underlie the pathophysiology of many diseases such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s. To understand how this fine-tuned O2 regulation is achiev ...
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